Symphysodon consists of two or three species that inhabit the sunken basins in the Amazon.Symphysodon spp. is a beautifully patterned fish that is preferred and very valuable because of its bright colors and shape like forks. Forks are traded and exported to many countries around the world originating from the Amazon, Brazil. There is very little ecological data and the development history of wild forks although this species is heavily commercialized for the aquatic and aquarium sectors.

The fork was discovered by esc oncology Johann J. Heckel in 1840, but by 1933 the new fork was first widely introduced by aquatic houses. Among them, aquatic researchers, studying forks such as Lindaman (1953), Gordon (1957), Skipper (1956 and 1957), Wolfsheimer (1957) and Hildemann (1959).

Gustave Armbruster of Philadelphia was the first to successfully raise the Symphysodon discus fork in the spring of 1935. The eggs of the forks cling to the tank and the surface of the slab in the large aquatic lake with a water temperature maintained at 85oF, pH 6.8. These eggs are then transferred to another tank containing water with the same temperature, pH and aeration. Eggs begin to hatch after 2 days and the nutrients (Yolk Sac) of the fish are completely absorbed after 3 days. These hemfish are fed a larva of sea snails called Hydatina. Half of the carmeal dies and the other half grows very slowly after the first week. After the caster is 2 weeks old, they are fed a type of water louse called Daphnia, from which the growth rate of freshly started cara begins faster.

In 1949, W. T. Dodd, of Portland, Oregon, posted on the Oregon Aquarium Society a title” “Forkfish anchored on their parents’ side and see their parents’ hips as their breeding area”. Indeed, it is best to have newly hatched analmeal fish with their parents or be raised by another pair of motherfish. This increases the survival rate of the cara before being able to separate from the parents.

In the years that followed, notable aquatic specialists such as Gene Wolfsheimer, Carrol Friswold and Roy Skipper in the UK, were also unable to feed the cara with any fresh food. And efforts to create pure foods, or mixed feeds of algae, organisms, filter-fed organisms,… it has also generally resulted in the anefish all dying of hunger. Thus, the premature feeding of foods and too early separation of fish from parents when the edesting stage is the same, the rate of loss or death is absolutely sure to occur.

How to raise a parent’s child

Both parents will take turns protecting, blowing air and using their mouths to take the caviad from the adhesive. The motherfish will pick up the newly hatched anchinths with their mouths and transfer them to different adhesive surfaces where their adhesion can be maintained. The fish will be able to swim freely after 4 days of hatching and swim along the side of the parents flexibly and start “eating” the nutrients secreted from the skin of the parent fish. Although both parents can raise analmeal, they still need time off. Therefore, when feeling tired, the mother or mother who is clinging to the fish will gently crush the body to transfer the flock of fish to the other parent. In addition, when the doughnies have sucked out all the nutrients on the parent fish, they will swim with the other parent. After a week or more depending on the condition of the fish, they will begin to eat other foods such as hatched artemia or climbing foot bug larvae. In addition to the above feeds, analmeal will continue to eat nutritiously on the skin of the parent fish after at least 5 weeks (although currently, many farmers have separated the cara from the parent fish after they start to be able to eat other food, but raising the same parent fish is still the most superior way). The most suitable water conditions for forks that experts have studied are listed in the table below.

Pictured: A powdered fork of symphysodon discus anchored on the skin to “eat” nutrition from the parent fish – Photo by specialist G. Wolfsheimer

So the question “What is the first important food of the fork fish?” then through the article, everyone must have had the answer. Wolfsheimer (1957) once recommended that thin oily layers enveloping and protecting their parents’ forks were the only and first source of fish. R. Skipper (1956) once hypothesized that cymeals ate special microorganisms that lived on the skin of their parents. To know what’s actually on the skin of the parent fish, Hildemann suggested examining the skin of newly fed fish and adult fish under a microscope, after they were anestolysed with Tricaine Methanesulfonate.

We’ll find out more about what the flour fork fish ate on the skin of the parent fish in the next section…

General: Ths. To Dinh Phuc

Tran Duy Tho

Nguyen Thi Truc Phuong

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